A Technological Humanity Essay Example For Students

A Technological Humanity Essay The innovation encompassing everybody in current society influences regular exercises. Since the beginning of man, people have created thoughts to make life increasingly agreeable and simpler. From Galileos telescope to Gatess PCs, individuals have created items to improve their regular daily existences. The innovative headways from the beginning of time, influence mankind from various perspectives. PCs contain data here and there undesirable by others. They impact minds in both great and awful ways, and permit individuals to share data that they would somehow be not able to accomplish. Regardless of whether an individual doesn't claim a PC or charge cards, data about anybody can be found through this mechanical progression. Innovation, a few seconds ago starting to be controlled and bridled, is influencing the brains of little kids and young people in manners that might get destructive. It likewise gives another type of correspondence and trade of data already inaccessible. Anybody claiming PC can get to hostile material, for example, sex entertainment or brutal sites. With only a couple of snaps of a mouse, one can see a difficult that risks the countries good and moral qualities. Regularly the youngsters getting to such sites in the internet arent even mature enough to comprehend the total significance of human sexuality. All the more regularly, the grown-ups getting to these sites, who do have a typical comprehension of sexuality, get misshaped perspectives on ordinary sexual conduct. Savagery torment the boulevards of America today. On the off chance that children see criminals in Los Angeles carrying out drive-by shootings or the KKK consuming the cross, they get a misguided feeling of the real world. So as to spare our childrens blamelessness and Americas virtues, the Internet ought to be carefully directed. With the new online wave, minds of little kids, yet in addition young people and grown-ups become affected by outside data. As the psyche creates, things, for example, erotic entertainment is not, at this point the primary concern. Presently, as a result of the simple access to data, the fourteen years of age who has recently found that she bombed ninth grade can discover how to make a bomb out of family unit cleansers. The laid-off representative, the dumped sweetheart, and the unhinged psycho likewise find conceivably hazardous data at the tips of their fingers. What is to prevent people from utilizing weapons of mass devastation as opposed to submitting less brutal acts with this innovation close by? Interest of humankind has prompted the improvement of fluctuating kinds of vitality. Because of these new force sources, numerous results seen light. Sun based vitality is a very proficient strategy to deliver power. It is utilized in specific territories to charge things, for example, family utilities and lighting for freeways. This mechanical progression is very costly and space expending. The disclosure of Nuclear Fusion has created a discovery in science: atomic vitality. To creation of this force is not so much expensive but rather more full of feeling. Notwithstanding, the waste created after the fuel is scorched isn't recyclable. Atomic fuel is radioactive and can pollute miles of land if not appropriately arranged. Previously, Nuclear Plants have failed and caused extraordinary complaints with passings. Atomic Fusion has delivered atomic vitality as well as the most hindering innovative forward leap ever. Through Nuclear Fusion, weapons, for example, the Atom bomb, have made it conceivable to totally demolish the outside of the Earth. Synthetic Weapons were first utilized in World War I, and still assume an appalling job in the devastations regular today. An ongoing episode including Americans and Chemical Warfare was from the Persian Gulf Conflict where US officers were presented to concoction weapons. From that point forward, numerous troopers have gotten sick with an abnormal Gulf-condition that has been ascribed to Chemical Weapons furtively utilized by Iraq. .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 , .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .postImageUrl , .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 , .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:hover , .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:visited , .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:active { border:0!important; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:active , .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc 0 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1f871d68affd922cbd856dd94843dfc0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice and Men Argumentative Essay Chemical Weapons are incredibly perilous and unsafe to life. Threat being their sole reason, synthetic weapons influence people and nature extraordinarily. The impact of a substance weapon relies upon the sort utilized. Nerve operators can cause demise. Alongside their lethal properties, Nerve operators can be drab, scentless, and bland. Other Chemical operators, for example, mustard gas, can be utilized to render their casualties unfit to battle. Mustard gas causes enormous rankles on the skin and has caused numerous causalities in war. Other concoction weapons operators can be utilized to cause visual impairment, mental .

Tartuffe and Adventure Quest Play Analysis Essay Example

Fraud and Adventure Quest Play Analysis Essay Example Fraud and Adventure Quest Play Analysis Essay Fraud and Adventure Quest Play Analysis Essay Article Topic: The Importance Of Being Earnest Name: Guide: Course: Date: Fraud and Adventure Quest Play Analysis Question One In the fierce period of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years, deus ex machine was utilized to set up a disputable proposition. For instance, one scene in Adventure Quest shows the crowd the legends being protected from a terrible destiny by the king’s specialist. The play likewise utilizes deus ex machine when it closes. This is found in the scene where a passing naval official saves the savage kids. The creator applies this gadget to illuminate the crowd that the youngsters would have been harrowed with a horrible destiny if the official had not mediated at the correct second. At last, the completion changes the job of the funniness in the play. Diversion for this situation is supplanted by deus ex machine with the crowd being given a help through an upbeat end in opposition to what they were anticipating. Question Two By summing up a mind convention in a special point of view, the play â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† doesn't keep itself to a clever Lord Goring and Lord Darlington. The whole content for this situation incorporates wise absurdities and a solitary voice. This makes it difficult to set up characters that are clever purposely. The frequently adolescent Algy is a mind hesitantly. A differentiating scene comes through Algy’s brief laborer Lane. This difference achieves the topic of social class in the general public. The clever Algy has utilized Lane as his attendant and despite the fact that Lane has been managed the benefit of living in the house, their ways of life are very extraordinary. Question Three ‘The significance of being honest† is a brilliant case of a satire of habits and this is especially bolstered by Lady Bracknell’s job and her meeting with Jack. Bracknell applies the utilization of incongruity to challenge the rebellious arm of the framework. She battles this framework even she knows that loosing is unavoidable. Henceforth, she utilizes habits and incongruity as her weapons in this fight. The prevailing class in this general public is exhibited in the meeting. This meeting uncovers social class in this general public that at last cultivates habits. Question Four One monolog with a critical job in the play Tartuffe comes in Act I scene II when Dorian is outstandingly ready to communicate her feelings. This scene assumes the job of bringing out pace and beat. Asides and discourses were utilized habitually. The social and character comedies depended on creative action hence making development fast and specific in beat. The characters in this scene are exceptionally theatric and have clear mentalities. The comic and clever circumstances have a propensity of tearing the characters in this scene diverting and over the top occasion however a genuine perspective supplements the comic exterior. Question Five The play â€Å"Tartuffe† utilizes parody to assault human attributes and conduct yet with a principle target of improving these issues as opposed to declining them. Specifically, the Tartuffe parodied play essentially moves its emphasis on strict deception. Despite the fact that Tartuffe is an undeniable enemy and poser, he additionally speaks to the remainder of society that lectures strict perspectives however takes part in activities as opposed to their convictions and ethics. Specifically, strict parody in this play comes out through Orgon. Then again, the play â€Å"Adventure Quest† bears parody that rotates around a consumerist culture. The general public in this play supports acquisition of administration and products in incredible sums. At last, this is valid since financial request was in full power in the nineteenth to twentieth century.

Back toPaper in the Classroom Richmond Writing

Back toPaper in the Classroom Richmond Writing I have a penchant for mixing things up in class, if only to keep writers on their toes. For many semesters, I got away from any writing on paper in favor of blogs, digital stories, and wikis.   Now, in a literature course I last taught as paperless, some old friends (and nemeses) have returned: staples, margins, page numbers. Why have I returned to the 20th Century? When conducting a paper chase with 16 Writing Consultants and 18 literature students, I found that paper enables my Consultants to write the sort of commentary they will most likely write for our professors or in our Writing Center. In time, our faculty will embrace multimedia for many projects, but even then, Writing Consultants will need to understand the rhetoric of linear as well as associative, collaborative projects. One could do what Im doing with file exchanges, of course, and some faculty do just that. Im no stranger to MS Words track changes and embedded comments, but even as I write this post, a student has contacted me with a question: the introduction I returned to her, with my comments linked to text, does not seem to be working. Im not fond of MS Words dependence upon co-writers having similar versions. Ill probably have to switch to Google Docs to finish helping her. Its simply a simpler, and more ubiquitous, technology. Yet even that lacks the ubiquity of paper. Paper cannot show multimedia (yet). Paper cannot have live feedback forms or allow online tagging and collaboration (yet). Despite these limitations, Im most curious to see how a paper-based class goes for me this term. Stay tuned. Some tasks are, however, inefficient on paper. Id include sign-up sheets for Writing Consultants, whether done collaboratively or with a single editor, as in this example from my current lit. class. Everyone with the link can view the document from wherever they may be. I now consider Google Docs to be paper plus, since they preserve what is best about linear discourse but add collaborative features that are clumsy in Microsoft Office, a technology designed for print.

Some Essay - 1325 Words

Lab 3: Newton’s Second Law: The Atwood Machine Introduction: In the study of physics a lot of the basics were put in place by Isaac Newton. Out of the 3 laws of motion he had declared the second law states that force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma). The Atwood machine is a machine that has a pulley in the air and a string running through the pulley, some kind of mass is suspended by each end of the string. When the suspended masses are unequal, the system will accelerate towards the direction of the larger mass. In this experiment, we used different masses to the velocity of the Atwood system. The data we collect for this experiment are the differences in mass between the two masses, the distance the heavier mass has to fall†¦show more content†¦This lab was about the Atwood machine, a system consisting of a pulley in the air with a length of string running through the pulley and different masses on either side of the string. We had pulled the lighter mass to the ground, suspending the heavier mass in a known height that we had measured and recorded off the ground. We timed with a stopwatch the time it took for the heavier mass to hit the ground. We performed five trials for each of the three mass differences and calculated an average measured acceleration for each of the three. We detirmed the Atwood formula, A= g(m2-m1)/ (m2 + m1), which allowed us to find a theoretical acceleration using the masses of the two different masses, to be used to compare to our measured accelerations. For set 1, the two masses that we weighed were 50g and 55.5g, the difference of the two being 5.5g. The actual measured acceleration, which was detirmed by us using the stop watches was .164 m/s2 .The theoretical acceleration we detirmed by the Atwood formula is .52 m/s2. We then took these two measurements and put them in the percent error formula which is 68.46%. For set 2, the two masses were 50g and 61g, the difference of the two being 11g. The actual measured acceleration by us was .38 m/s2. The theoretical acceleration was .99 m/s2. Using these two numbers the percent error is 61.62%. For set 3, the two masses were 50g and 78.2g, the difference being 28.2g. The actual measuredShow MoreRelatedEssay on Some Like It Hot622 Words   |  3 PagesSome Like It Hot is an American screwball comedy film directed by Billy Wilder and featuring Marilyn Monroe as Sugar, Tony Curtis as Joe, and Jack Lemon as Jerry. Joe and Jerry are struggling musicians who accidentally witness a mob hit and become targets. To hide from the mob, they flee the state as members of a traveling women’s band, where further complications set in. 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What Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World...

What are the main causes of food insecurity in the world today? Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems Currently, millions of people across the globe suffer from under-nutrition and hunger. In 2007, the UN (United Nations) estimated that there are approximately 850 million people who suffer undernourishment in the world today. It also reported that 799 million undernourished people live in developing countries, most of which are on the African and Asian continents. Reportedly, the major contribution to this international issue has been food insecurity (FAO, 2008, p.18). It affects people ranging from individual to national level with various†¦show more content†¦Under the circumstance, producers use less money for improvements on the nature of farming land such as fertilizers and manure which are normally not affordable by poor farmers (FAO, 2002, no page given).Thus it causes a bad effect on food production in developing countries and eventually food insecurity. Moreover, when natural disasters occur, poor households suffer great economic losses, resulting in deepening their poverty further. These losses can trap them in food insecurity. As a result, it seems that natural disasters are one of the causes of food insecurity. Now, the remainder of this essay will discuss solutions for the two causes of food insecurity which have been argued above. In order to solve food insecurity problems, improving agriculture can be one of the solutions. International donors and the government in developing countries had neglected agriculture for a long period and it causes food insecurity. In 2008, the World Bank, in its annual development report, admitted that greater investment in agriculture is needed to solve food insecurity problems (Makoni, 2010, no page given). Investment in agriculture can make the governments to ensure that farm materials and equipment are available to farmers at fair prices. Moreover, government is also able to ensure that farmers in the rural areas have easy andShow MoreRelatedMain Causes of Food Insecurity1680 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the main causes of food insecurity in the world todayï ¼Å¸ Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems. 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Barbados †Country’s Geographical Notes Free Essays

Barbados island nation in the Caribbean, is situated about 100 miles (160 kilometres) east of the Windward Islands. Roughly triangular in shape, it measures 21 miles from northwest to southeast and about 14 miles from east to west, with a total area of 166 square miles (430 square kilometres). Its capital is Bridgetown, the only seaport. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbados – Country’s Geographical Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Barbados is not part of the Lesser Antilles, although it is sometimes grouped with this archipelago. The island is of different geologic formation; it is less mountainous and has less variety in plant and animal life. The geographic position of Barbados has profoundly influenced the island’s history, culture, and aspects of its economic life. In the era of sailing ships, access to the island was difficult because of the prevailing winds from the northeast. Outward-bound ships from Europe had to gain the island while heading west, for it was difficult for them to turn and reach its shores by sailing eastward against the wind. The island remained a British possession without interruption from its settlement in the 17th century to 1966, when it attained independence. As the first Caribbean landfall from Europe, Barbados has functioned since the late 17th century as a major link between western Europe (mainly Britain), eastern Caribbean territories, and parts of the South American mainland. Because of its long association with Britain, the culture of Barbados is probably more British than that of any other Caribbean island. Since independence, however, cultural nationalism and regional awareness have tended to increase. The climate is generally pleasant. The temperature does not usually rise above 86 F (30 C) or fall below 72 F (22 C). There are two seasons: the dry season, from early December to May, and the wet season, which lasts for the rest of the year. Average rainfall is about 60 inches (1,525 millimeters) a year, but, despite the small size of the island, rainfall varies, rising from the low-lying coastal areas to the high central district. Barbados lies in the southern border of the Carribean hurricane zone, and hurricanes have caused great devastation. Barbados is densely populated. More than one-third of the population is concentrated in Bridgetown and the surrounding area. Most of the farmland is owned by large landowners or corporations. As a result, â€Å"tenantries† are as common as villages. Tenantries are clusters of wooden houses–locally known as chattel houses–located on the borders of the large estates; they are usually owned by the occupants but stand on rented ground from which they may easily be removed. Most of them have electricity and running water. The largest town is Bridgetown. In its commercial and administrative centre, multistorey buildings are altering the features of the 19th-century town. Apart from Bridgetown, Oistins, Holetown, and Speightstown are the largest towns. The population of Barbados was 257 082 in 1990. the average population density was 572 persons per sq. km (1482 per sq. mile) was notably high considering the predominantly rural agricultural character growth of population during 1970s and 1980s was kept below 1% by out-migration. The capital, largest city and only seaport is Bridgetown with a population of 6720 in 1990. About 90% of the total population black; the remaining portion is composed of whites and persons of mixed racial descent. English is the official language. More than 50% of the people are Anglicans; other important faiths include various protestant sects and Roman Catholic. Education is free to children between ages of 5 to 16yrs. Barbados has a small, market-oriented, developing economy. Services, manufacturing, and agriculture are the main productive sectors. Although Barbados had a relatively high per capita growth rate in the 1980s, unemployment, especially among the youth and women, has been a serious problem. Most of the employment is in services and distributive trades, the greater part of which has been unionized. The economy of Barbados has traditionally been dependent on the growing of sugarcane and the production of export of refined sugar, molasses and rum. Sugarcane is grown principally on large estates rather than on the small farms. The annual harvest is in the early 1990s totalled about 600000 metric tons. Local industries manufacturing clothing, furniture, electrical and electronic equipment and plastic items. Newly discovered reserves of petroleum and natural gas are being exploited. Fishing has also increased the importance. Tourists’ facilities have earned more foreign revenue than sugar products. The table below shows the origin of tourists to Barbados, the number of tourists visiting Barbados and the average GNP of tourists visiting Barbados ($US). The table below is refers to the question ‘why do fewer tourists travel shorter distances to Barbados from West Indies and South America? COUNTRY NO. OF TOURISTS TO BARBADOS AVERAGE GNO OF TOURISTS IN $US CANADA 65600 17936 SOUTH AMERICA 3500 3087 USA 170800 16664 UK 101200 11903 WEST EUROPE 33700 13333 WEST INDIES 64300 2798 Climate Figures For London The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism To Barbados Barbados has many white sandy beaches and the beautiful sun, which often attracts holidaymakers. But the holidaymakers also bring many disadvantages to the country. The advantages and disadvantages are listed below in two categories. ADVANTAGES * When holidaymakers arrive the country often needs employees to work in hotels. E.G. waiters/waitresses, cleaners, bar attendants etc. * The country employs 15000 people. * Holidaymakers create other jobs such as in garages, factories, taxi drivers etc. * Tourism has encouraged the development of facilities which benefit the whole community. a) a deep water harbour b) an airport terminal c) a better road network d) an improvement in water supply, sewage, disposal, electricity. * Fisherman benefit as there is more fish needed to please tourist so the fisherman receive more money. DISADVANTAGES * Jobs have to shed labour at slack periods (Sep / Oct and May / June). * Cost was expensive to establish because of the need to import foreign manufactured goods such as vehicles and furniture. * Cost loses income for the country because a) food and manufactured goods still have to be imported, b) many hotels are foreign owned. The government is now trying to rectify by building hotels itself and encouraging local people tourists apartments. * Tourism has an effect upon agriculture by depressing it by draining it of workers. * The country loses money due to having the need to import goods such as Beef from New Zealand and Los Angeles. * Economy is dependent upon conditions elsewhere- recession in North America and Europe caused tourist numbers to fall by 5% in 1981. * Low moral standards in the tourists can have a bad effect on communities such as alcohol abuse and prostitution. * Tourist industries have affected land beach and sea resources. It is also responsible for increase in pollution on both land and sea. IS TOURISM HELPING BARBADOS? It’s very difficult question to answer whether tourism is helping Barbados or not. So to answer this question I had divided it into two categories â€Å"Positive† and â€Å"Negative. After considering all the points it will be easier to decide whether tourism is helping Barbados or not. â€Å"Positive† * because tourism brings money to island like Barbados through accommodation paid for by tourists, souvenirs sold to tourists e.g. clothes, steel drums, coral jewellery, tours organized by country’s community as they drive them around by giving toured rides etc. * because tourism supplies jobs for the country’s community e.g. in hotels as bar attendants, waiters/waitresses, cleaners etc., taxi drivers, fishermen/women etc. * because tourism stimulates the country’s market, even providing new markets. * because tourism has provided a better communication between races and cultures. * because tourism has provided the country with enough money to produce an airport, maintain better road links and conditions, and an improvement in water supply, sewage disposal and electricity. â€Å"Negative† * because tourism has also broken up communities by bringing so many tourists into the country that the communities are being denied access to the facilities provided. * because tourism has caused a loss in money by tourists expecting foreign manufactured goods e.g. food, furniture, vehicles etc instead of buying native products. * because tourism has caused a westernizing effect on culture and social standards, which can cause differences and may even cause the community to forget its background history. * because tourism has caused the environment to change by making buildings around the beach and buildings which do not fit in with the country’s environment. * because the agriculture workers have left the fields to work in hotels close to the tourists so there are not many people to work in the fields anymore. After considering this subject, I conclude that tourism has both positive and negative effects on Barbados. If tourism is not controlled, in future it will not have good effect on the country as the country will be changed i.e. there will not be clean beaches with beautiful white sand and crystal clear green sea water, beautiful palm trees or the green environment etc. this will changed by the community changing their environment to please the tourists by building more hotels and forgetting their culture. If you think carefully then you will realize that tourists are going to Barbados for its culture, its beautiful white sand and crystal green water, its green environment and of course the sun. On consideration, tourism can have benefits for Barbados- bringing employment, income and improved facilities. On the other hand it can bring pollution, destruction of the environment in order to build facilities, and can have a detrimental effect on the culture and community life. WHY DO FEWER TOURISTS TRAVEL SHORTER DISTANCES? In answering this question I have referred to table 1 on the previous page. The question asked is ‘why fewer tourists travels shorter distances to Barbados from South America and West Indies?’ My opinion on the question asked by many people is that GNP in both places is low and the vast majority cannot afford to travel abroad. If the country does not have a very high GNP they will not have much disposable income after all the main expenses are paid off e.g. mortgage, taxes bills, National Insurance (N.I), pensions, and road tax ( if car is involved). South America’s GNP is 3087. West Indies GNP is 2798 (the figures stated are calculated in $US). If you compare the GNP of countries like USA and the UK to that of the GNP of the countries like the West Indies and the South America you will notice that people in the USA and in the UK have much more disposable income. USA’s GNP is 16664. UK’s GNP is 11903 (the figures stated are calculated in $US). Another reason for answering this question is that in the West Indies and in South America the annual average climate is generally the same so the residents will not need to travel to find the sun and fine weather. WHY DO SO MANY PEOPLE TRAVEL TO BARBADOS FROM NORTH AMERICA EUROPE? The question asked is why do so many people travel to Barbados from North America and Europe. My suggested opinion is firstly because in countries in North America and Europe usually have a higher GNP meaning after all the main expenses are paid off (stated in the question ‘why do fewer tourists travel shorter distances to Barbados?’)they end up with enough disposable income to spend on the trips to places like Barbados. Another reason is that in places like Europe and North America the climate is too hot but there is either too little hot weather or the climate is not hot enough. There are not that many beautiful beaches like in Barbados. ‘WHY DO TOURISTS FROM NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE TURN UP IN BARBADOS AT CERTAIN TIMES OF THE YEAR?’ My suggested answer for this question is because of hot climate. At certain times in the year the sun is out and the weather is basically hot, hot and hot with a lot of sun. The months when the climate is hot and sunny is at the end of December to beginning of June. The remaining months are mainly rainy months so you wouldn’t actually find many tourists around in Barbados. How to cite Barbados – Country’s Geographical Notes, Papers

Critiques On Wall Street Essay Example For Students

Critiques On Wall Street Essay The article, Greenspan gets another Fed term, in the New York Times discussed Alan Greenspans success and failures during his term. The article was fairly easy reading. I found some statements to be quite amusing however, there were some issues discussed that was a little ambiguous. Reading this article, I learned that President Clinton nominated Alan Greenspan to a fourth term as chairman of the nations central bank. I had no clue as to what the title of chairman of the nations central bank did. However, after reading this article, I had some ideas as to what role chairman of the nations central bank plays. Alan Greenspan makes decisions in the S P, NASDAQ, and DOW Jones markets. Alan Greenspan also approves interest rates, evaluate US currency against all other countries, makes sure the value of the dollar is at the best interest of the economy, decides on economic policies, and among many other things that I have yet to learn. The third paragraph into the article talks about fear of rising interest rates will negatively affect corporate profits. I do not understand how rising interest rates will negatively affect corporate profits. One guess might be due to the increase in interest rates, the percentage earned on stocks will decrease. This to me means that the taxes on the stocks will increase. Stockholders will have to pay more taxes on their stocks. Stockholders will not like this, therefore they will end up selling their stocks. This will negatively affect corporate profits. The article mentioned, Greenspan this year rank among the most formidable he has had to meet over his tenure at the Fe. Although he is adored at the moment, all of his fine work could be forgotten if he is unable to walk the tightrope of maintaining economic growth while keeping inflation low, sounds very threatening. It sounds like Greenspan better not screw up or else all his success, hard work, and accomplishments will be well forgotten. In a sense, it is true. Once Alan Greenspan makes a wrong turn, all hell will break loose and no-one will give him the benefit of the doubt. I found this statement real amusing. Clearly, the economy is strong and the financial markets have been exceedingly robust. But the pace that both the economy and the market are moving in are not sustainable long-term, is another statement I found quite amusing, but at the same time a little troubling. My question is, does this statement boil down to the cliche, too much of a good thing is too good to be true.? The economy and financial markets are at the best it has ever been, which means a downfall is somewhere in the future. One paragraph mentioned that the Fed is expected to raise the bench mark federal funds rate, currently at 5.5%, by one quarter of one percentage point in what would be its fourth interest rate increase since June 1999. I was really confused with the content of this statement. I found the wording really hard to comprehend. Finally, I figured out that what this statement was really trying to say is that interest rate is currently at 5.5%. Interest rate is expected to rise one quarter of one percentage point. This rise in interest rate will be the fourth time that it has risen. The article basically reviews Alan Greenspans work. There were ups and downs throughout Alan Greenspans term. The article mentioned when Alan Greenspan took command of the Fed, the stock market crashed. However, Alan Greenspan saved his reputation by flooding the banking system with funds, making sure that credit was readily available to everyone who needed it. This prevented the economy from going into a recession. Alan Greenspan recovered the recession in the early 1990 and was recognized for that. Although there were some downfall during Alan Greenspans term, but he cleared them up quickly and has done many great things for the economy.

Examine the view that Jennings presents the marrie Essays - Emotions

Examine the view that Jennings presents the married couple as having entirely lost their love for each other. Firstly, Jennings portrays that the couple are "Lying apart now..in a separate bed". The use of "separate" beds depicts that the couple have lost their love for each other as a bed commonly symbolises affection and intimacy in a relationship, therefore the portrayal of separate beds juxtaposes the societal norm of couple's behaviour and the lack of affection and love in their relationship. Also, the use of the word death could connote "death bed", which conveys the metaphorical death of their love. Furthermore, the title "One Flesh" is juxtaposed by the continuous idea of separation throughout the poem; the religious belief of a couple becoming one is juxtaposed by the separation of beds. Furthermore, Jennings uses alliteration "Keeping lights on late", which depicts the idea that the father is trying to retain the spark between them, however, is only maintaining an artificial light, which further conveys that genuine love that kept their relationship alive between them has been lost . Structurally, Jennings repeatedly uses caesura and dividers in sentences;"All men elsewhere-" and "Touching them gently." "The repeated use of caesura portrays separation and a lack of continuity in love-connective/connection is lost, which further juxtaposes the love and connection between the two. Structurally, the religious beliefs could also possibly be argued against by Jennings as each of the three stanzas contains six lines=666, connotes the loss of religious beliefs of love. Additionally, Jennings writes that the couple are "Tossed up like flotsam from a former passion."The use of alliteration suggests that the relationship between them is rubbish, that their relationship is the remains of a shipwreck. Furthermore, the passion is described as "former", which depicts that it no longer exists between them. Also, Jennings writes her parents as lexically separate; "my father and my mother", instead of "parents". This further suggests that they are no longer together, in love as " one flesh". Jennings ends the poem with a rhetorical question; "fire from which I came, has..grown cold?", which depicts that their once fiery love is cold and dead. "hardly ever touch" "touching them gently"- hardly opposes touch- violence/unpleasantness "Chastity faces them"- lack of physical love too. "a thread to hold and not wind in"- do not even want to attempt to rekindle love- they are too afraid

Dress Code and Uniforms Essay

Dress Code and Uniforms Essay Dress Code and Uniforms Essay SCHOOL UNIFORMS SHOULD NOT BE REQUIRED. In my opinion students should not have to wear uniforms if they don’t laugh or treat other students bad. Should school uniforms be required? Some parents say yes but students say no. the reason why parents say yes is because sometimes the children get pick on a lot about how they wear they clothes and what they should wear. Others believe that kids should have the freedom to dress however they want. After strongly believe that uniforms should not be required in school. Some parents think it’s a great thing for children to wear uniform because now no one would have to be picking on or laugh at about what they wear. Without uniform, they say kids will focus on clothes, instead of schoolwork. There will be pressure to buy expensive clothes, which many families can not afford for the parents these reason, some people insist that uniform are necessary. I personally disagree. There will at all times be interruption. Kids should be encouraged and trusted to focus on their schoolwork, or they will never learn to be in charge. Uniforms are not free. If families are spending money, they should be able to choose the clothes they buy. Also, uniforms interfere with creativity. Requiring uniforms send a message that all kids are the same. If school wants kids to be themselves, they should not force all students to dress alike. For all these reasons, school uniforms should not be required. If teachers and parents and principals want to

Sociology of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sociology of Health - Essay Example If both health and illness are viewed from a sociological perspective then it can be said that a body which breaks down should necessarily be repaired. Medical systems are required to systematize work around birth, disease, decay and death. Thus a person who is ill requires immediate programs to restore his health. Medical methods are necessary to organize one individual even when he is comes in this world. Illness and health are directly related to the social norms in this society. Illness is still excessively found in the lower classes of this society. This is because these classes are not provided with adequate health facilities on the right time. This shows the difference between the model of health and illness as the model of health clearly illustrates that one should be given adequate medical treatment faced by the problem of illness. However this is not possible because of the sociological factors which are involved in this concept. These factors include how one individual liv es and what age group does he belong to. It can be concluded that in order to practically apply the model of health it is necessary that all the problems encountered should be solved first. Ans. 3. Examine the key findings of the Black Report Ans. The Black Report was a research taken out in Britain in the 1980s to find out the issues about health and society. It gave an overview about the health social inequalities based on use of occupation as an indicator of social class. It analyzed the records of health of different people who belonged to different classes. All these results were analyzed according to the categories designed by the Registrar. The report concluded the over all issues of health in the UK. It stated that the health of the nation had improved over all but there was a difference of mortality among the classes. The individuals who belonged to the lower class were more vulnerable to diseases than the individuals who belonged to the upper class. It showed that the health standards descended as the class of people was lowered. The report clearly illustrated that all these health problems were related to the social factors such as low income, unemployment and poor living standards. The awareness factor was als o pointed out in the report as many people were not aware of different diseases which were being a cause of their death. The Black Report pointed out the basic factors which affected the overall health standards in the UK and desired a change in the overall system of the UK.4. Explain how the doctor / patient relationship influences the health of the patient Ans. There are contrary views on the doctor patient relationship in this world. Some doctors are of the view that if they get close to their patients then they are not able to properly treat their patients. However on the other hand it can be said that a good doctor patient relationship can lead to the recovery of the patient in an early time. This relationship is of a great influence to the patient's health behavior. Research has been done in order to find about the relationship between a doctor and a patient. A research conducted in Texas adopted the way of

Claude Debussy and the Javanese Gamelan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Claude Debussy and the Javanese Gamelan - Essay Example Its instruments are tuned to play together, and as such different gamelan instruments are not interchangeable. It derives its name from the word gamels, which means to hammer or strike. The suffix,†an† makes the word a collective noun. This paper aims to study Debussy and gamelan, and how Debussy incorporated gamelan figurations into his own music. The paper seeks to discuss the capabilities of the piano, as well as its limitations, and touch on orchestral music. It also seeks to explain why Debussy was so fascinated by the Javanese gamelan as to stop developing his impressionistic music in a western manner. Debussy’s family was destitute, being sustained by his paternal aunt. This led to his much reputed awkward social skills and egotism. He received lessons in piano from Madame de Fleurville, who was a pupil of Chopin. In 1889 at the Paris Universal exposition, Claude Debussy who at the time was a young composer getting his spurs and getting his first works publi shed had a real revelation (Lockspeiser 67). At this exposition, groups from around the globe displayed their countries’ best art, culture music and the way of life. The Eiffel tower was the expositions centrepiece. The musicians visiting the exposition were especially fascinated by the exhibit from the Malay Archipelago of java. This exhibit was a village model demonstrating communal life aspects that included religion, agriculture, and entertainment. The gamelan was a part of their presentation, forming a vital part of their village social and religious life. Then gamelan was a collection of metallic instruments with bell like sounds and had been passed down over thousand years via oral tradition (Lockspeiser 67). This Javanese music sensationalized European musicians (Lockspeiser 69). Debussy as well was taken in by this music. Most of his fruitful hours were spent in the Kampong of the Javanese troupe. He listened to the complexities of the gamelan’s percussive rhy thm, especially its inexhaustible flashing ethereal timbre combinations. Debussy admired various aspects of the gamelan music and adapted them for his own compositions (Lockspeiser 69). Prelude, which is from pour le piano, is an early response to the techniques of the gamelan. Its extended measured trills, pedal points, and tonal relationships that were unusual were incorporated into this piece. The prevalent texture, with its moderately moving tenor, slow moving bass, and fast moving treble suggests gamelan sound. â€Å"Pagodas† from Estampes is a representation directly from a performance of gamelan (Roberts 12). Cycles, bell and gong sounds, pentatonic melodies, which remind one of slendro tunings, together with a layered counterpoint composed of lower voices progressively getting slower can also be gleaned in abundance. Debussy indicates to accelerate gradually and then the tempo is retarded over a period. Then just as is prevalent in the gamelan, the music ends in one f inal stroke of the gong (Roberts 13). â€Å"Bells through the Leaves† also utilizes techniques of the gamelan (Harpole 8). Sounds of bells, pedal sustained, and a thorough utilization of whole tone scale is the surest sign that the piece is from gamelan sound universe. Its utilization of a melody of the balungan type within a texture with four voices is also the most striking use by Debussy in his music of gamelan techniques. â€Å"

Asylum Seekers and Benefits

Asylum Seekers and Benefits A Report on Asylum Seekers and Benefits. I. Introduction In the run up to the general election, asylum is once again in the headlines. The refugee council report (RC: 2004: 2) that asylum is the third most important issue in voters’ minds. Despite its importance as an issue, reliable information about asylum is difficult to come by. Media reports are sensationalist, often using a vocabulary that is derogatory or just plain incorrect. For example, the term ‘illegal asylum seeker’ is often used. Yet as a signatory to the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees, anyone has the right to make an asylum claim, and they have a legal right to stay while they make their claim (UN: 1951: Article 31.1). Thus, no asylum seeker is illegal while making a claim. This report will attempt to address some of these misconceptions by analysing asylum seekers in the UK, and in particular the relationship of asylum seekers to benefits and the welfare state. The perceived sapping of the welfare state by asylum seekers is one of the issues the press hi ghlights in its coverage of asylum. This report will argue that fears over asylum seekers draining the welfare state are misplaced, and statistics from the London local authorities will be analysed to make this argument. II. What is an Asylum Seeker? An asylum seeker, simply put, is someone claiming the status of asylum. The 1951 UN treaty on refugees states (ibid) that an asylum seeker must only have a reasonable chance of persecution in his or her country of origin in order to be granted asylum. Asylum seekers may come from anywhere in the world. For the last two years the bulk of the asylum seekers coming to the UK have been from Afghanistan and Iraq (RC: 2004:5): but the 1951 convention states that application from all countries must be considered. What we have witnessed over the last ten years in the UK is the putting in place of a whole series of restrictions against the spirit, if not the actual wording, of the 1951 convention. For instance, while the convention demands that applications from all countries be considered, the government has set up a ‘safe list’ of countries from which applications for asylum will not be considered (UN: 1951:Article 3, HO: 2002/267). Furthermore, as Craze notes   (2002:4): â€Å"since the 1950’s, Europe has witnessed a closing of its borders. In Ceuta, a Spanish enclave in Morocco, an enormous electrified fence has been erected to try to prevent immigrants from crossing into Fortress Europe and naval ships now patrol the gulf of Gibraltar on the look out for immigrants.† When understanding the way asylum works in the UK, it is important to situate it in terms of the political shifts that have occurred Europe-wide. Such shifts have made asylum applications increasingly difficult, and have demonised and marginalized people who have a legal basis to make their claim. III. How many Asylum Seekers come to the UK? Asylum figures are dogged by controversy and heated debate. Yet, the recent data from the UNHCR (UNHCR: 2005) seems to suggest an opposite state of affairs to that suggested by the tabloid press. Asylum applications round the world have dropped sharply for the third year in a row, and are now at their lowest level for sixteen years. There is a 19% percent drop in asylum applications in the EU, with a 33% fall in the UK: which means there has been a decline of 66% in the last two years. For instance, in the Westminster Local Authority (Wesminster: 2005), there were 1,453 asylum seekers claiming support in April 2003. By march 2004; this had dropped to just 973. This drop was paralleled elsewhere in London, where in the same time period the number of asylum seekers seeking support fell from 42,137 to 32,245. In the UK, there are presently 40,200 asylum seekers compared to 60,050 in 2003. In 2001, Armenia absorbed 70 refugees per 1000 inhabitants: in comparison, Britain absorbed only two (HO: 2001). Furthermore, in 2003 Britain was only ranked the ninth country in Europe for accepting applications per capita. At this juncture is must be remembered that the vast majority of asylum seekers never manage to leave the countries immediately surrounding the country they fled: African countries support far more refugees than European countries, despite having less far less resources to deal with them. Thus, the exaggeration of the press, who propose that Britain is being swamped with asylum seekers, is unfounded. The UK receives a relatively small number of asylum seekers per capita, and that number is falling rapidly. Finally, it should be remembered that the UK has a legal obligation to accept asylum seekers while they make their claim. IV. What burden do Asylum Seekers place on the UK welfare state? It is frequently alleged that asylum seekers only arrive in the UK because our welfare system is a ‘soft’ touch. Yet, a recent Home Office report (HORS: 2002:15) concluded that family, language and colonial history determine where asylum seekers go, not the level of welfare state provision. People do not arrive in the UK hoping to exploit the welfare state. Furthermore, the level of welfare state provision for asylum seekers is woefully inadequate. Asylum seekers are not eligible for normal benefit services. Instead, if asylum seekers want to apply for benefits they must apply to the National Asylum Support Service (NASS). Through this service, a single adult is eligible for just  £38.96 a week, only 70% of basic income support. An Oxfam/Refugee Council report (2002: 19) concludes that many asylum seekers do not even access these funds, due to a poorly administrated system. They found that 85% of asylum seekers experience hunger during their application, and 95% cannot afford clothes and basic essentials. In December 2003, 80,000 asylum seekers were receiving Home Office support, compared to 1.5 million UK nationals (not including people receiving pensions). Given the financial information we noted above, that means that asylum seekers account for just 0.5% of the total benefit budget. Given this information, we can see that the claims of the press are completely unfounded. Further, under section 55 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, in January 2003 many asylum seekers were denied basic support. This denial was made on the grounds that asylum seekers had not applied for asylum in ‘reasonable time.’ However, as we noted above, given immigration restrictions in the UK it is almost impossible to enter the country legally to make an appeal. If we refer to Appendix I: the total number of asylum seekers supported by London Authorities, we can see that during the period the bill was implemented the number asylum seekers being supported dropped steeply from 34,175 to 32,281. In June of this year, a high court decision has found such a denial of benefit in breach of the human rights of the asylum seekers, and the government has been forced to reinstate it pending an appeal by the government. Given the extent of the discourse on asylum being a drain on the UK welfare state, it is perhaps surprising to remember the myriad benefits asylum brings. A home office report (quoted RC: 2002:1) show people born outside the UK, including asylum seekers, contribute 10% more in taxes and national insurance contributions than they cost in benefits. In 1998/9, that gives the UK economy a boost of  £2.6 billion. Asylum seekers also bring a wealth of experience into the country. A report from the department of works and pensions   (DWP: 2001) shows that 53% of refugees had academic qualifications. However, since July 2002, asylum seekers are prevented from using their qualifications by government policy that makes it impossible for asylum seekers to work while their claim is being processed. The Medical Practioners Union (quoted, RC: 2001: 3), roundly condemning government policy, points out that despite the massive shortage of trained personnel for the NHS, the government still refus es to open up the health service job market to qualified asylum seekers: despite the fact that it costs only  £5,000 to retrain a foreign doctor, compared to a cost of  £250,000 to train a British doctor from scratch. Thus, while the figures on asylum numbers we analysed in section III are important, they must be placed in a context of the positive benefits asylum seekers bring to the contrary, and a debilitating government policy that prevents them doing even more.    V. Conclusion This report has briefly analysed the current status of asylum in the UK today. Current debates on asylum are marred by a xenophobic anxiety about asylum that distorts the information we have available, and masks the legal obligations that the UK has. The government has done precious little to address these problems, and many of its policies contravene the spirit, if not the code, of the 1951 convention. This report has begun to show that asylum numbers are not anywhere near as big as they are claimed to be by the press, that the amount of support asylum seekers require from the state is nothing like as large as the press would have you believe. Finally, this report has emphasised the importance of the UK’s legal obligation to asylum seekers. VI. Bibliography Craze, J. 2002: Fortress Europe. Europa. Vol. 1: No.3.Departments of Works and Pensions. 2001: Report on Asylum Seekers and Employment. http://www.dwp.gov.uk/Home Office Press Release 2002: Building a Safer Britain. 07/2002: 267.Home Office Research Study. 2002: Understanding the decision-making of asylum seekers. Home Office Research Study 243. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/immigration_research_pubs.htmlHome Office. 2001: Asylum Statistics United Kingdom 2001. Home Office National Statistics. Refugee Council. 2004: Tell It Like It Is: The Truth About Asylum. http://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/Refugee Council Oxfam. 200: Poverty and Asylum in the UK. http://www.refugeecouncil.org.uk/publications/pub007.htm#povertyUN. 1951: Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/o_c_ref.htmUNHCR: 2005. Asylum Levels and Trends in Industralised Countries, 2004.http://www.unhcr.ch/statisticsWesminster Local Authority. 2005: Distributions Statistics 2004-5: Lon don Asylum Seekers. http://www.wesminster.gov.uk/ Appendix I: London Local Authority Asylum Seeker Trends (Source: http://www.westminster.gov.uk/)

What Impressions of the Characters Relationship Are Conveyed by the Language They Use, and the Interaction Between Them

What impressions of the characters relationship are conveyed by the language they use, and the interaction between them? In this text, the opening scene of Ibsen’s Dolls House, the conversation between Helmer and Nora shows who acts as a more authoritative figure through imperatives, patronising lexis and explanative language. This is to show the relationship between the married couple regarding terms of how they address each other. I will also consider gender theories such as Debora Tennen’s gender theory of politeness and Zimmerman and West’s suggesting men are more dominating in conversation.The purpose of the text, A Dolls House, is to reveal information about the relationship between Nora and Helmer through the interactions of their conversation and their lexis. Nora speaks in a polite manor, ‘just this minute’ which could be interpreted through Trudgill’s gender theory suggesting women use precise pronunciation to aim to be viewed at a h igher class. The adjective, ‘just’ could imply Nora will act quickly in order to respond to her husband because he has a higher status and power over herself.However, her husbands language is very different, ‘been wasting money again? ’ this rhetorical question implies a threatening and dominant tone. This could be interpreted by kZimmerman and West’s gender theory which suggests men act more dominant in conversation in order to gain and keep power. The terms of address the couple use change in relation to the conversation topic. Nora addresses her husband by his second name, ‘As you please, Torvald’ which could imply their relationship is formal and she has little authority as he holds all the power.This could be interpreted by Debora Tennen who states that women use terms of address and politeness to form bonds. However, Helmer addresses Nora in two different approaches; whilst they are having a general conversation Nora is referred to as his possession, ‘My little skylark’ the adjective ‘little’ implying she is belittled as she has no authority. Also, the use of the pronoun, ‘my’ implies Nora belongs to Helmer and she has control over her hence the metaphor for her name.However, when Nora ‘misbehaves’ she is addressed with her name, ‘Nora, Nora! Just like a woman! ’ his use of explanative language portrays his loss of patience with her but also he is telling her off like Nora is a child in a patronising manor. The repetition of ‘Nora’ implies she has done wrong and he dismisses her to get her to behave like a father would to a child. This could be interpreted by Grice’s maxims of quantity as he speaks more than Nora implying he has a higher level of authority and power.

Butler Lumber Case Study Analysis Essay

Subject: Butler Lumber Company Problem: Whether Mr. Mark Butler should go ahead with financing from Northrop National Bank or should stay with Suburban National Bank. Options: 1) Enter into a loan agreement with Northrop National Bank for USD 465,000 (Assumption: The condition to sever the relationship with Suburban National Bank applies to Short Term Loan only) 2) Continue short term lending relationship with Suburban National Bank for USD 250,000 and secure the company’s loan with real property Recommendation: Given available data, Butler Lumber company should enter into a loan agreement with Northrop National Bank for USD 465,000 Analysis: Our recommendation to Mr. Mark Butler to enter into agreement with Northrop Bank for line credit of USD 465,000 is based on the following factors: External Financing Need We assessed the company’s external financing need in 1991 based on the following scenarios: a)The current quarter net sales of 1991 attributes 26% of annual sales of company in 1991, since first quarter sales of 1990 contributed 26% of total 1990 net sales and hence the total net sales projected for 1991 is USD 2.77 Mn. Balance Sheet and Income statement have been projected at percentage of sales (Please refer to exhibit no. 1). In this scenario, we assume company doesn’t opt to take discounts on its purchases b)Net Sales of USD 2.77Mn, company opts to take discounts on its purchases c)Net sales in 1991 of USD 3.6Mn as indicated by bank’s investigator in the case study Under both the above scenarios, company would need more financing than its current bank credit facility of USD 250,000. Under scenario (a), if the company decides not to take discounts, then it would need short term credit facility of USD 211,000 to meet its short term capital requirements, however company’s accounts payables would increase to USD 263,000 and its net profit will be USD 49,000. Hence as far company’s financing need is concerned it can continue its short term relationship with the existing bank. On the other hand, if the company decides to take discounts, then it would need short term loan of USD 407,000 to meets its working capital requirements and hence would have to go into agreement with the new bank. Under this scenario, company’s accounts payables would amount to USD 55,000 and net profit would be USD 61,000. Under scenario no (b), Butler Lumber total assets are projected to outpace total liabilities (excluding short term loan) by USD 628, 000, hence the existing loan will be far from fulfilling client’s working capital needs and the loan from Northrop Bank will be able to bridge USD 465,000 of the gap, however company would still be needing USD 162,000 under current mode of operation. We recommend that apart from getting new line of credit from Northrop Bank, company should reduce its days receivables period. Increase in Profitability Option 1: If the company remains with the existing bank loan, the total interest expenses are projected to increase by USD 7,000 in 1991 and resulting into after-tax net profit USD 49,000 with loan from existing bank. The effective rate of interest expense is 13.2% with existing loan. (Please refer to exhibit _____) Compared to 1990, ROA will remain the same at 5% and ROE will remain at 13%. Option 2: If the company replaces its short term line of credit from its existing bank to new bank, the total interest expenses are projected to increase by USD 11,000 in 1991, however company will be able to earn discounts of USD 27,000, resulting into after-tax net profit of USD 61,000 with new loan as compared to after-tax net profit of USD 49,000 with loan from existing bank. The effective rate of interest expense with new loan, after taking effect of discount income, is 5.0% compared to 13.2% with existing loan. (Please refer to exhibit _____) Compared to 1990, ROA will increase to 6% while ROE will increase to 17%. These profitability ratios indicate a better result by taking up the new loan than staying with the old bank. By Dupont analysis (Please see exhibit___), the main drivers for the higher ROE for new loan is due to higher profit margin which offset the lower equity multiplier. The effect of the discount income has driven the profitability, which in turn reflected also in the ROE and ROA ratios. Changes in Flexibility with the new loan Decreasing Flexibility in Managerial Decisions: The company becomes less flexible in its managerial decisions by taking up the new loan. It would be bounded by the negative covenants imposed by the new bank. These negative covenants place clear restrictions to Butler’s future managerial decisions, including investments in fixed assets and limited withdrawals of funds. Because of Butler’s conservative operating so far, he should be able to deal with these restrictions. Furthermore, Butler Lumber’s increased sales are shielded from the general economic downturn to some degree due to the relatively large proportion of its repair business. This will facilitate the maintenance of the net working capital even in a general economic downturn stage. As additional part of the covenants the bank placed importance on the net working capital. This could have positive impact to the firm’s future. As the firm is affected by liquidity problems, the covenants on net working  capital will make Butler to be more mindful about firm liquidity in midst of sales expansion. Thus, it could reduce the chance of Butler ending back with a situation of liquidity issues. Increasing Flexibility in Financial Opportunities: Because company’s business is seasonal, the financial opportunities by the new loan offer scope to balance seasonal variations. Another point is the now possible use of discounts provided by suppliers (see Increase in Profitability section). Ratios (please refer to exhibit ___) Option 1: If Butler Lumber stays with the old bank we can observe a constant value, from 1990 to 1991, for net working capital, current and quick ratio. At first glance, seems that the firm is able to cover current liabilities with current assets, but, without the inventory (which takes more time to convert into cash), the situation is completely different. The D/E increases from 1,68 to 1,72, while the interest coverage presents a value, that, even if lower, is acceptable. With regard to the profitability, the ROA and the ROE remain constant. The cash cycle increases from 64 to 72: this is due to an increase to both inventory and receivables period, even if we can observe an increase in the payable as well. Option 2: Taking the new loan lead to an increase in net working capital, mainly due to the reduction of current liabilities (in fact, despite the increase in notes payable, there is a drastic reduction in accounts payable, in order to get the discount). In this scenario both current and quick ratio improve, indicating an improvement in firm’s liquidity. The D/E decreases from 1,68 to 1,62 and the interest coverage presents an acceptable value as well. Unlike scenario (a), profitability improves in a consistent way: ROA increases to 6% and ROE increases to 16%. The cash cycle rises significantly due to the combined effect of increase in inventory and receivables period and decrease in payable. Appendices Exhibit 1: projected income statement and balance sheet Projected income statement 19901991 USD in millions, FYE 31-DecActual% of Sales Scenario a-1Scenario a-2Scenario b Net sales12,694100.00% 2,7712,7713,600 COGS Beginning Inventory326418418418 Purchases2,0422,0182,0182,746 2,3682,4362,4363,164 Ending Inventory241815.52%430430559 Total COGS21,95072.38%2,0062,0062,606 GROSS PROFIT744 765765994 Operating expenses365820.90%667667840 Interest expenses433N.A405151 Discounts 2742 NET INCOME BEFORE TAXES53 5874145 Provision for income taxes59101437 NET INCOME44 4961107 Projected balance sheet 19901991 USD in millions, FYE 31-DecActual% of Sales Scenario a-1Scenario a-2Scenario b Cash2411.52%424255 Account receivable, net231711.77%326326424 Inventory418430430559 CURRENT ASSETS776 7987981037 Property, net21575.83%161161210 TOTAL ASSETS933 9609601247 Notes payable (bank)6233N.A247407465 Notes payable (Mr. Stark)0N.A000 Notes payable, trade0N.A000 Accounts payable22569.50%2635575 Accrued expenses39N.A393939 L-t debt, current portion77N.A777 CURRENT LIABILITIES535 556508586 L-t debt750N.A434343 TOTAL LIABILITIES585 599551629 Net worth348N.A348348348 Retained earnings84961107 New Net Worth397409455 TOTAL LIABILITIES & NET WORTH933 9969601084 PLUG EFN -360162 Scenarios: -a-1 refers to projected sales of $2,771m in 1991 and a continuing relationship with Suburban National Bank -a-2 refers to projected sales of $2,771m in 1991 and a new relationship with Northrop National Bank -b refers to projected sales of $3,600m in 1991 and a new relationship with Northrop National Bank Notes: 1 Q1 1991 sales are $718m. Q1 1990 sales were 25.91% of FY 1990 sales. We assume this ratio to be constant in scenario a. In scenario b, we rely of Northrop National bank’s assumption of $3,600m sales in 1991. 2 Assumed to be percentage of sales. 3 Operating expenses includes Mr. Butler’s salary. Operating expenses are projected by decreasing operating expenses of 1990 by $95K (salary) and applying percentage of sales to the operating expenses without salary, then adding back $88K (annualised Q1 1991 salary) to get the operating expenses of 1991. 4 : As a corporation, Butler is taxed @15% on its first $50,000 sales, @25% on the next $25,000, and @34% on all additional income above $75,000.

A Brief Note On Social Media And Advertising - 1469 Words

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